Decoding and Encoding: Decoding is the process of translating written words into spoken language, while encoding is the reverse process. The Science of Reading focuses on providing explicit instruction in decoding skills, helping students learn to sound out and recognize words accurately.

• Structured Decoding Lessons: Provide explicit instruction in decoding skills through carefully structured lessons that teach students to translate written words into spoken language.

• Word Analysis Activities: Engage students in word analysis exercises, guiding them to break down unfamiliar words into recognizable components and understand the encoding process.

• Decodable Texts: Use decodable texts that align with the phonics patterns being taught, allowing students to practice their decoding skills in context